The Collapse of Communism

The events of downfall
























The major closure of communism occurs during 1989 to 1991. The 3 major factors that play into the collapse and incline of communist ideals are social development crisis, democratic power, and somewhat nationalism. As various groups meet to reform, many started to see Gorbachev as a leader for reforming. Different then his predecessor Gorbachev was brilliant and sneaked his way into the communist government. He believed that Stalin's version of communism wasn't its true form and it was a degree of how it could be situated. He believed that the people needed a "revolution of the mind". The most notable places that was major points of communism that fell. The soviet union Baltic stated and Europe had helped the fall of communism. The Baltic states had strong nationalism and held hands from one point to another creating the strength of the areas. The politically reforming movements helped develop the rejection of communism. Many countries started to unionize as the economic crisis started allocating. The people started to make the reforms clearly resistant. The Berlin wall falls literally as Germany tears it down. Anti-communist meetings would be very open in Poland, hungry and Czechoslovakia.

Many wanted a new fair world. The major countries broke down and had impacted a magnitude of communist countries. The ending result, a breakdown of communist control. Countries started to trade and equality was now mixed with the different things that every individual wanted. The people were optimistic and wanted to look forward through the failings of the communist system. Though communism had too many down falls and so it was not a good future towards the path. Thus every thing and the entire system collapsed.

Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of Communism

Mikhail Gorbachev- born in march 2 1931, and became a part of the communist party at 1952. During the 1990s because of economic collapse, communist parties had to end control over the government. During the time Gorbachev had been elected president. He served as the last head of state of the USSR. His reforming lead to the end of the cold war but also led to the end of communist authority in the soviet union. After wards during Christmas day 1991 he resigned his role as president of USSR and won a noble peace prize for breaking down the iron curtain. Europe's political mad took a drastic change. The Berlin wall was torn down and Germany was a whole again.

"We Only Have a Common Future,"~Mikhail Gorbachev

Gorbachev went on to create the Gorbachev Foundation and the Green Cross organization.He was one of the most influential statesmen in the 20th century.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

-South Africa under apartheid laws-

Apartheid laws segregated and separated South Africa by racial discrimination from European conquerors. After Colonization of Africa, every one wanted their hands on Africa's resources. Eventually almost all of Africa's land was lost and over taken.

Apartheid laws first occurred under British during the 19th century. Blacks would move into tribal regions which would be controlled by white men. As well as the Africans would be bounded to the area. They would also be forced to have tags at all time. All financial and educational needs were limited to many. Later on voting became a myth to Africans and along with it the rights of the people were gone in an instant. Many other races were also treated with the same actions. Half a million people had been forced to resettle.

Women unfortunately had to face sexist and racial discrimination. The combined affect lead to women having no jobs. Dieing of malnutrition, weak babies being born, and sanitary issues which lead to sickness among them. This and the addition of a law in 1923 separated families. Men were forced to work in urban areas while women in rural areas and African birth rates decreased.

-Mandela-

After primary growth of Apartheid, Mandela had joined politics to suppress the series of Apartheid laws and its followers. Mandela studied methods of non violence from New Delhi during the 100th anniversary of Gandhi's satyagraha teachings. After wards he became committed to his purpose in anti-apartheid by using nonviolent methods. In 1956 Mandela and 150 other commuted brothers were captured and put behind bars. After many trails called the treason trials of 1956-1961. Afterwords Mandela was soon made a leader of ANC (African national congress) and starts many guerrilla war-fares around South Africa. Since Mandela followed Gandhi he would make sure even as a last resort to fighting, there would be no deaths. He later admitted that non-violent actions led him no where and did not advance his progress. Mandela was later caught and sentenced to 5 years in prison. Later on he was imprisoned for about 18 more years in Robben Island. On feb, 2, 1990 he was released by the State president. Right after release Mandela took a position in ANC once again. Finally he had decided to run for presidency and won by multi cultural decision.

African Independence

In 1847 only Libya was independent from British control. then later on Egypt earned its independence. The people of Africa started to take back their lands. Soon during the 1960s many countries were independent from all over central and north area of Africa. some parts of western Africa was had earned independence and lost it. Later slavery grew around the area as well as lessened in other areas. As Africa started to decolonize its countries, the second largest Continent started to gain its freedom back. In 1961 Rwanda and sierra got its independence. Tanzania grew and Algeria became simultaneously independent too. By 1963 almost half of Africa was independent countries with only a portion of colonies. The only major country left a colonies was Rhodesia.

Egypt being a great ancient area and filled with glorious water from the streaming Nile and its legends of scorpions and kings, was finally independent in 1922. After the ancient society fell, the ottoman empire took over in 1517. After well along 200 years later napoleon takes control of the historical country. Then in 1882, the British takes over France's control over Egypt. The British were attacked by Italian forces but the attacks failed. As Italy tried to seize control over canals and trade routs, their plans were high but they lacked the firepower and control.Thus Egypt had been over run and unable to take full control of itself until 1922, which was such a tremendous victory for Africa's strengthening.

One of the most memorable acts during this rebirth Africa used English and African tactics. As individual countries continued to gain independence more of the colonists and controlling countries went back or became more stationed towards the cold war and advancement. Africa also had one of their greatest leaders freed. Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa. After wards apartheid rule decreased massively. Rules started to change and the country was hit by SWAPO guerrilla raids from neighboring countries.

In 1900 south Africa had a growth rate that close to japans. After cold war parts of Africa had help from different superpowers. Northern Africa had much help from soviet military. Southern and central Africa gained the support from both or either France and united states. Since Africa had been under various control, the continent adapted many religions and was a multi- cultural continent. After much change Africa to this day has failed to rise the economic ladder and has become one of the poorest and most undeveloped country.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

The Right Stuff~A film about the Cold war


THE COLD WAR
The cold war is a war where countries faced off one and other by technological, economical, nuclear and space advances. Serious countries started to shape foundations for research. Countries were creating more opportunities for its citizens in a new way and all in good idea of advancing as well. The countries would use these researches to later on send the first satilite in space, thus starting the space wars! The US started their facilities as well after the news about a satellite in space. Ready to compete the US gathered the toughest men and gave them the opportunity to become the first astronauts. After many cumulative rocket tests, we finally took the idea of it being currently risky to send humans into space so we sent a monkey. We reached space before Russians could but they had later reached it with a man aboard. Angered America had started to strive to climb a higher peak. The peaks of the moon!!!

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

NATO is group of mutual defense needs made by countries in Europe and north America. Created after WW2 to help rebuild countries and helping to keep order intact. NATO started by 12 countries coming together to sign the North Atlantic Treaty. When Germany was unable to be rebuilt, air plains dropped supplies to some of communist Germany's areas and other parts. US made the idea stand that they didn't want another war. So NATO was created for the communist expansion to seize in a way. The western free un-communists had made their stand so now the communist countries had to face them. The eastern communist had now created the Warsaw Pact. Thus the beginning of a non aggressive fight started. The cold war had started!

The soviet union communist party- one of the biggest communist organizations, started in October 1917 by Joseph Stalin and ended in a 1991 coup d'etat. Thought one of the toughest systems is a communist system, as it says that its a workers union type "balanced society" when in reality almost every thing is under state control. The system of the Russian communism worked very tricky. Every 1-5 years a new congress would be set. Once set into motion the central figures would elect a Politburo. A Politburo is technically like the head rule maker in a sort of way and has a lot of power(president-like).

Film Lesson: "Schindler's List"

A movie which describes the holocaust in a different view. Less then a documentary this movie was a Hollywood version, so more viewers would be entertained while watching it. It described the genocide of the Jewish by the hands of Germany is a subtle way by showing the sign of hope as a man name Schindler. As Schindler runs a major factory he tries and saves as many Jews as possible. Knowing the risk he has taken after the war is over and the remaining Jews are sent to exile, Schindler frees his workers and leaves the scene. The movie is very powerful and as gruesome as "Night and Fog". It does have a sort of noticeable symbolism as the movie shows a Jewish girl who is wearing a reddish jacket. The girl dies at the end of the movie but I still fail to fully understand her symbolism in the movie. Perhaps she was meant to show how even the children were tortured and the strong willed and spirited were destroyed and burned. Overall i felt it as a disturbing tragedy and hatred towards what happens. Words as I have spoken are only half of the things of what to say about the events of what a madman(Hitler) had done to innocents.

Film Lesson: "Night and Fog"

 A documentary that shows the viewer how the Nazi killed the Jewish. The movie also described Hitler's ideologies. The movie starts off with showing Jews being stuffed into trains and taken to camps. Viewers would be taken through the holocaust's events. 
The movie shows how as the final means of genocide. At first Hitler plans to force the Jewish to work. Since Germany was in war they needed workers, lither used Jews to work in the ghetto and in factories. The second step was to send the Jews to concentration camps. Most of the jews had died of starvation and others were torched by the German and killed. The extermination ended with many thrown in to gas chambers. The movie describes the certain persecutions the Jewish had to go through and how the Jewish were forced into trains that would take them to their demise. The full outcome of the trauma would be a immense decrease of the Jewish populace and the creation of a new country where the Jews could reside in new prosperous land.

The Treaty of Versailles (ended WW I)

The Treaty of Versailles
At the end of WWI this treaty was performed. Germany had lost and pulled up their white flag, and so surrender and defeat were taken harshly on Germany as they became the blame for every step of the war. As we know this harsh notification towards Germany wouldn't be taken lightly, pretty much helped Germany(many say) start WWII. This treaty was held in the palace of Versailles as hence the name. All countries attended the negotiation with almost 70 representatives of 27 countries. So the allied powers and central powers began to rest, in deep thought of what was lost and gained. One of the greatest tragedies which started off by a simple assassination of the arch duke Ferdinand ended up becoming known as WW. Germany mass produced machine guns. Great Britain made submarines and made a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. So many technological advances led to even more deaths. As well as the use of poison gas grenades. The perplexed supremacy known as Germany would not stand for this, so they planned in the darkness even without Hitlers help.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

Mustafa was the founder of the country of Turkey. He inspired many Muslims to "modernize". As he assembled people from the ottoman empire, mostly Muslims his followers grew and soon he had his own nation. During WW1 he became the country's military leader. He would gage the others army and settle the scores with strength in leadership. He primarily joined a group called Vatan ve Hurriyet. He started as a captain later to be introduced to Manastir status. After battling Balkan War he was appointed military attache and in 1914 he became Lieutenant Colonel.

Presidency

Many western states started to adapt to the Turkish nation, and as it starts the state of turkey is also being built up. Mostly because the country needed to establish reforms. The main point of the Turkish nation was to bring the Islamic culture into a more modern view. Though having changed some things they would still call them selves muslims. As they created a "new republic" of sorts. There were also a major rejecting of both communist and fascism as it primarily started to occur in many men's thoughts.

Film Lesson - "Gandhi"

The Great Gandhi's rise
Gandhi was and still is remembered for his powerful resistance against violence and the strong sense of unity among those who followed his teachings. All though he was no Buddha the man walked ground as the noble pure spirit as he was. The man fought for his nationalism, country, and for his dignity, but most of all he fought with the best strength of all, his head! Now he was just an ordinary man until he faces discrimination and watches as his country suffers under English control. The man behind the nation, who created India a reputation that showed what men were really made of a will. The only way to put him down would be with a gun and a strong political force being put down would be the end for control over the country because of the chaos and what others would think of the situation.

First step
As Gandhi becomes a political power he starts drawing crowds from India(both the upper class and lower class people rooted for him). His first order of using his methods to get closer to freedom of Hindus and Muslims was to burn passes. Now this was a large issue, because people with a white skin tone or British decent were exempt from caring these passes. The "brown" people on the other hand were forced to have these passes or would be thrown out and would be unable to pass any destination with in that area. These passes were used mostly in Africa and other countries. Though he strengthened and had destroyed many passes with in a flame, the passes would still continuously be checked and Gandhi would be jailed to be later herd of in India's news. The world finally started to acknowledge his existence and many grew hope.

A hero :D
As Gandhi comes back to India a hero, he grows old and grows more attention. Suddenly many Indians decide to have a speech session. The session turns into a massacre and many innocent civilians die, not to mention the number is by the thousands. The troops that killed them were from India them selves all led by a British brute. The massacre startled all of India and made it time for their motherland to wake up. So the people revolted not intending to cause harm or even use violence. Until smaller groups of revolts were attacked by guards, the revolts caused chaos which engulfed the people with so much rage that they became killers. Great mobs formed all over the country, and that's where Gandhi decided to help his people follow his path. After many speeches India would still violate the order of resistance Gandhi created. Infuriated, Gandhi went on a hunger strike, but this time he fought for understanding by using another non-violent tactic. The people soon stopped fighting for good and were truly unified. This showed much significance to what others thought about the man. There was no man in India who did not know his name. Gandhi comes out of hunger striking and becomes arrested for attempt to overthrow the government.

The End is near
As he agrees to the charges, the court lowers the years he would spend in jail for his actions. The men would revolt and get hit, but now they would not hit back and instead take every blow for what they believed. Gandhi later moves with many plots to suppress the English and the English could no longer ignore him, but neither were they able to give up the growth of spices and other factors. So after a whole campaign of Gandhi's doings England gives India its freedom after WW2. Unfortunately the great Gandhi was shot and killed, after continuing his campaign to make Muslims and Hindus live along each other.

and THE END

The Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution

Industries grew and the so did the poor. The labor started to flourish as industries did. Government grew weak as the country crumbled. Russia was setting itself up for different ideals or extensive changes!

Workers would have to work in the mills and factories for more then 10 hours for little pay and bad conditions. Many workers and peasants rioted the streets, showing major hatred towards their controllers. Factories also increased urbanization and the creation of cities with much bigger populace. The lower class were not the only ones with disconnection as the higher stature individuals would have to live up to expectations and nationalism which they did not have. The cookie crumbled as in the hands of a monarchy every one is dissatisfied.

The discontent exploded after the losses in ww1. With out any leader nor any procedures the riots began evolving. The people had enough and their will broke loose as they revolted. Adapting manny communist ideas the country quickly changed.

Causes of WOLRD WAR 1

read all about it: The Great War!

August 4, 1914 - November 11, 1918

After a series of treaties many countries came together. Thus when one country say Germany had been blamed to attack Belgium. Belgium's allies helped to support them in war. As Germany was out trooped they had other allies to pitch in and so the war started.
The War actually started by a assassination, the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. The next in line for the Austria-Hungarian throne. Germany made an agreement to help attack Serbia with full support and Austria agreed. War started spilling between countries by large.
Troops from most all European countries fought in a battle field filled with territory, dead, trenches and no mans lands. The riffles became more equipped by creation of bayonets. Air strikes and trench warfare would advance, but kill millions. Nationalists brought moral for their armys in the battlefield. The machine gun was created and needed 2 or 3 people to run it, but run it they did. The piles of trenches would lead to one being took over and a over a hundred more to go. It lasted for around 4 years and 3 months.
Victory for allied nations over the central powers. After taking the fight over seas and destroying trade they cut off the central powers feets letting them fall. Germany started making flaws in the war and became unstrengthened. 10 million dead, 30 million wounded you do the math.